成考高起專英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料（2）

       湖南自考網(wǎng)88pqcp.com為了幫助考生更順利地通過湖南成人高考高起專英語(yǔ)考試，整理了成考高起專英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料（2），幫助大家更好的進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。【合集】成人高考復(fù)習(xí)資料、歷年真題及答案（高升專、高升本、專科）

        第二章 詞匯與語(yǔ)法(22.5分，7分鐘）

        詞匯與語(yǔ)法題共計(jì)15小題，依據(jù)考試大綱要求：需要考生掌握2000個(gè)左右常用英語(yǔ)單詞和一定數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，這里總結(jié)了一部分常見短語(yǔ)供考生記憶，當(dāng)然考生可依據(jù)中國(guó)言實(shí)出版社出版的《全國(guó)各類成人高考應(yīng)試專用教材》書P9－30進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化記憶。

        固定搭配也是考試經(jīng)?？疾榈闹R(shí)點(diǎn)。

        after all畢竟, all over到處、遍及, all right好，不錯(cuò)

        as usual照例、像以往那樣as to關(guān)于，至于

        to the best of one’s ability盡自己最大的努力be able to do sth．能夠做某事

        above all首先have access to有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入in accordance with按照

        give an account描述accuse sb．of sth．因某事控告某人

        be accustomed to習(xí)慣于take action采取行動(dòng)

        adapt oneself to使某人自己適應(yīng)add up to總括起來，相當(dāng)于

        in addition to除了…之外in advance預(yù)先，提前

        take advantage of利用，欺騙again and again再三地ahead of time提前

        above all尤其是，最重要的是let alone更不用說

        the amount of…的數(shù)量　one after another一個(gè)接一個(gè)answer for為…負(fù)責(zé)

        in any case無(wú)論如何anything but決不

        keep up appearances維持門面，保持體面have an appetite for愛好

        around the clock晝夜不停地artificial intelligence人工智能

        background music背景音樂go from bad to worse每況愈下

        bank account銀行帳戶on the beach在海灘上，在岸上

        bed clothes床上用品from beginning to end從頭到尾

        on behalf of代表talk big說大話

        give birth to生育black and blue遍體鱗傷

        black list黑名單a blank look on one’s face某人臉上茫然若失的表情

        in the same boat處境相同，同舟共濟(jì)body and soul全心全意地

        keep body and soul together維持生計(jì)，勉both…and…既…又…強(qiáng)度日

        from the bosom of one’s heart真誠(chéng)地，由brain drain人才流失衷地

        out of breath上氣不接下氣in all總計(jì)，合計(jì)

        in brief簡(jiǎn)而言之knit one’s brows皺眉

        a drop in the bucket滄海-粟burn the midnight oil工作到半夜，開夜車

        burst into laughter突然笑起來burst into tears突然哭起來

        trolley bus有軌電車get down to business言歸正傳，開始做正事

        day by day日復(fù)-日a piece of cake容易的事

        the lunar calendar農(nóng)歷on the campus在校園里

        cannot but不得不cannot…too決不會(huì)…過分，越…越好

        carbon paper復(fù)寫紙credit card信用卡

        case study個(gè)案研究cause and effect因果

        without cease不停地opening ceremony開幕式

        chain reaction連鎖反應(yīng)by chance偶然地

        in charge of負(fù)責(zé)cannot choose but別無(wú)選擇，只好

        in combination with和…協(xié)作have much in common有很多共同點(diǎn)

        common sense常識(shí)a limited liability company有限公司

        on condition that如果be of consequence to對(duì)…很重要

        in consequence結(jié)果，因此a matter of course當(dāng)然的事

        in the course of在…的過程中be crazy about對(duì)…迷戀

        a skeleton in the cupboard不愿讓別人知道out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)的家丑

        out of date過時(shí)turn a deaf ear to對(duì)…充耳不聞

        a good deal大量，許多come to a decision決定下來

        in deed實(shí)際上，真的to a certain degree在-定程度上

        without delay趕快，立刻in detail詳細(xì)地

        a state dinner國(guó)宴be on display陳列，展覽

        bring sth．into full display充分發(fā)揮(能力，at sb’s disposal由某人支配，供某使用特長(zhǎng))

        beyond dispute無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議out of doors在戶外

        show sb．the door下逐客令on the dot準(zhǔn)時(shí)

        due to由于from dawn till dusk從早到晚

        in earnest認(rèn)真地on earth究竟

        ill at ease不安，心神不寧on easy terms分期付款

        easier said than done說起來容易做起來難with egg on one’s face顯得愚笨

        either…or要么…要么or else要不然，否則

        on end連續(xù)地home environment家庭環(huán)境

        on equal terms平等相處office equipment辦公室設(shè)備

        for ever永遠(yuǎn)every other每隔…的

        in evidence顯而易見地，明顯地with the exception of除…外

        in excess of超過in exchange作為交換

        face to face面對(duì)面，直接交流in fact實(shí)際上

        in favour of贊成at first起初

        first of all首先，最初in a flash-霎那

        be fond of喜歡at the foot of在…腳下

        on foot步行in the form of以…的形式

        a fraction of一小部分to be flank坦白的，直率的

        for free免費(fèi)地at the gate of在…大門口

        in general一般來說be good at擅長(zhǎng)

        in harmony with與…協(xié)調(diào)with the help of在…的幫助下

        on holiday在度假to be honest老實(shí)說

        on the hook陷人圈套，難以擺脫in a hurry急忙，匆忙

        as if好像，仿佛if only只要，要是…就好

        on the increase正在增加play a joke with sb．開某人的玩笑

        judging by根據(jù)…判斷 just now剛才key to…的鑰匙，…的答案

        at least至少in line with跟…-致，符合

        be loyal to對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)make friends with和…交朋友

        in the mass總體上by means of用，依靠

        by no means決不in the meantime在此期間

        a member of…中的-員at the mercy of在…的支配下

        no more不再not more than至多，不超過

        move on繼續(xù)前進(jìn)by the name of名叫，以…名義

        in the name of以…的名義by nature天性，本質(zhì)上

        in nature實(shí)質(zhì)上neither…nor既不…也不at night在夜里

        not at all一點(diǎn)也不on occasion有時(shí)，問或

        once again再次once upon a time從前

        at once立即，馬上in the open露天，公開地

        in one’s opinion據(jù)某人看來at every opportunity利用-切機(jī)會(huì)

        at the first opportunity-有機(jī)會(huì)就…in order按順序，整齊有序

        out of order次序顛倒，出故障ought to應(yīng)該

        keep pace with跟上…的步伐a pair of-對(duì)

        at peace處于和平狀態(tài)in person親自

        in the first place首先，原先point of view觀點(diǎn)

        to the point中肯a portion of-份

        at present目前，現(xiàn)在under pressure of在…的壓力下

        previous to在…之前in private私下地

        in public公眾地on purpose故意地

        a great quantity大量0ut of question沒問題

        out of the question不可能without question毫無(wú)疑問

        on record記載下來的with regard to關(guān)于

        in relation to有關(guān)，涉及in response to作為對(duì)…的反應(yīng)

        as a result of作為對(duì)…的結(jié)果，因此in return for作為對(duì)…的回報(bào)

        on the road在路上for one’s sake為某人的利益

        for sale供出售的on sale上市，出售

        all the same還是，仍然ahead of schedule提前

        on schedule準(zhǔn)時(shí)after school放學(xué)后，下課后

        at school在學(xué)校at sea在海上

        by sea由海路in search of尋找

        in secret秘密地in a sense從某種意義上說

        a series of-系列under the shadow of在…陰影下

        by ship乘船in short簡(jiǎn)而言之

        side by side肩并肩地at the sight of-看見

        and so on等等so long as只要

        as soon as-…就at  top／full  speed全速

        in stock有貨out of stock脫銷

        in store儲(chǔ)藏著in the Still在陽(yáng)光下

        in short supply供應(yīng)不足on the surface在表面上

        in surprise驚奇地at table在進(jìn)餐

        at the tail of尾隨by telephone通過電話

        on the telephone在通話other than不是

        at that就這樣，到此為止after much thought仔細(xì)考慮后

        thumb down不贊同，反對(duì)ahead of time提前’

        all the time-直at any times隨時(shí)，任何時(shí)候

        at a time-次at the same time同時(shí)

        hold one’s tongue-言不發(fā)too…to太…以至不能

        from top to bottom從頭到尾from top to toe從頭到腳，全身

        once upon a time從前as usual跟平時(shí)-樣

        at war在交戰(zhàn)，不和on the watch提防

        any way無(wú)論如何by the way順便說-下

        in the way擋住去路on the way在去某地的路上

        under way在進(jìn)行中as well as還，除…之外

        once in a while有時(shí)，偶爾as a whole作為-個(gè)整體

        on the whole總的來說in a word簡(jiǎn)言之，-句話

        in other words換句話說

        語(yǔ)法類題目，依據(jù)2012－2015連續(xù)四年成人考試分析：

1. 時(shí)態(tài)題：

       (     )1、At the end of the year there          a test on everything we have studied.

        A  was     B  will be      C  would be      D  has been   (2012)

        (      )2、Take your computer to John,and he         it for you.

        A  repairs   B  will repair  C  has repaired   D  had repaired  (2013)

        (      )3、The teacher told his students that the earth           round like a ball.

        A  be      B  is       C  had been     D  was            (2014)

        (      )4、By the time I got home, my grandmother           the dinner and was watching TV.                                            

        A  prepared    B  prepares   C  had prepared    D   has prepared (2015)

        (      )5、The weather report says it        again tomorrow.

        A  rained     B  rains       C  has rained     D  will rain   (2015)

        (      )6、I        any job I like since I came to this city.

        A  haven’t    B  don’t do   C  wouldn’t do   D  didn’t do   (2014)

        (      )7、The room        as a laboratory for nearly two years till now.

        A  is used  B  was used  C  has been used   D  had been used (2013)

        (      )8、-Is Tom coming with us?   -He can’t--he       for his exams.

        A  prepares  B  is preparing   C   has prepared   D  prepared (2012)

        Answers:BBBCD  ACB

        2012－2016成考分析：每年考2個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)題，常考的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)8種。各種時(shí)態(tài)的含義及慣用法見由武漢大學(xué)出版社出版的《全國(guó)各類成人高考招生考試規(guī)劃教材》P66-70。這里從幾年成考中總結(jié)幾個(gè)常見的時(shí)態(tài)考試題型及規(guī)律：

        1、祈使名+and+(sb)+將來時(shí)，如上面第2題：

        Eg: open the door,and you will see the beautiful mountain and river.

        2、敘述客觀的事實(shí)和真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如上面第3題，注：無(wú)論前面是何種時(shí)態(tài)，只要敘述的是客觀的事實(shí)和真理，都一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

        Eg:  The teacher told us that the moon moves around the the earth.

        3、完成時(shí)態(tài)常和by、for+一段時(shí)間、since三個(gè)詞聯(lián)用，如第4、6和7題：

        Eg: I have worked in the school for three years.

        I have worked in the school since three years ago.

        I have worked in the school by the time of this year.

        4、時(shí)態(tài)一致的規(guī)律，如第1和5題，第5題比較典型，在復(fù)合句中，一定要考慮時(shí)態(tài)一致的規(guī)律，將第5題改成The weather report said it        again tomorrow.那么答案相應(yīng)的要變，依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致規(guī)律用過去將來時(shí)would rain.

        5、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：一般常見是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行和正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)由be（is,am,are,was,were)+V-ing構(gòu)成，被動(dòng)形式由

        Is/am/are/was/were+being+V-ed形式構(gòu)成，做這樣題型時(shí)，應(yīng)注意句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如沒有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則根據(jù)句意仔細(xì)體會(huì)（一般都會(huì)有提示語(yǔ)言），如第8題和強(qiáng)化練習(xí)第2題.

        Eg: I am playing basketball now

        They were working on the farm at this time of yesterday.(注意句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

        Please be quiet,the teacher is coming towards us.

        Mike, look! They are flying kites.

1. 在由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(如強(qiáng)化練習(xí)第3，7題）：

          eg: I will go fishing if I am free tomorrow

1. 表示飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車計(jì)劃時(shí)刻表通常一般現(xiàn)時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，也通常用一般現(xiàn)時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)(如強(qiáng)化練習(xí)第4題）。

          Eg:The plane takes off at 10:00.   

1. 過去完成時(shí)表“過去的過支”－表示在某個(gè)過去的時(shí)間或動(dòng)作前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，由had+V-ing 構(gòu)成：

          Eg: I had finished my homework when my parent came back（過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作前）.

        Peter had visited 5 countries before 12 years old（過去某個(gè)時(shí)間前）.  

        同步強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

        （   ）1、The company had about 20 notebook computers,but only one-third       Used regularly.

        A  is    B  are    C  was   D  were     (時(shí)態(tài)一致及主謂一致）

        （   ）2、Would you please keep silent? The weather report        and I want to   Listen.

        A  is broadcast      B  is being broadcast    C  has been broadcast    D  had been broadcast

        （   ）3、The volleyball match will be put off if it       .

        A  will rain   B  rained   C  rains   D  is raining

        （   ）4、Send my regards to your wife when you       home.

        A  wrote    B  will write    C  have written    D  write

        （   ）5、Where      in the past three years?

        A  had you gone       B  have you gone    C  did you go         D  have you been

        注：have gone to 表示去了某地還未回；have been to 表示去過了某地已經(jīng)回來

        （   ）6、Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he         .

        A  was busy    B  is busy    C  had been busy   D  will be busy

        （   ）7、I don’t know if （是否）it        tomorrow, If（如果）        I’ll stay   Indoors.

        A  rains, rains      B  will rain, rains  C  will rain, will rain    D  rains, will rain

        （   ）8、Jack was happy that the train       when he      the station.

        A  left, had arrived    B  had not left, arrived  C  had not left, had arrived   D  left, arrived

        Answers: DBCDD  ABB

1. 定語(yǔ)從句

       （   ）1、The reason       the president kept silent is still unknown.

        A  why      B   how     C  what   D  when          （2015）

        （   ）2、Mary was looking for a shop        she could buy some chocolate.

        A  which     B  that      C   where    D  who        （2014）

        （   ）3、James had never seen Brando again,         was really a pity.

        A  who      B  what      C  which     D  where      （2013）

        Answers:ACC

        2012－2015成考分析：2012年語(yǔ)法未考定語(yǔ)從句，但2013年后每年考1個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句題，具體用法參見武漢大學(xué)出版社出版的《全國(guó)各類成人高考招生考試規(guī)劃教材》P105-108。這里從幾年成考中總結(jié)幾個(gè)常見的規(guī)律：

        1）總的原則：主要看先行詞（所修飾的名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)）在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的是什么成分，如作的是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系代詞有which, that , who, whom,whose(=of which)；如作的是狀語(yǔ)則使用關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系副詞有when, where,why,that(=in which,和way連用表方式)：

       Eg:

        1、The boy who/that talked to me is my classroom.(作主語(yǔ)，指人,不可省）

        2、The boy who/whom/that/可省略is my classroom（作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可省）

        3、The boy whose parents are abroad is my classroom.（作定語(yǔ)）

        4、I have bought such a book as you did

        5、September 1st is the day when (=on which) school begins.

        6、That is the school where(=in which) I study.

1. This is the reason why(=for which) he was absent from class.
2. I don’t like the way that(=in which) he speaks.

       注意：

        (1)、如果先行詞是all, much,anything, something, nothing, everything, little,  

        none等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which.

        (2)、如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no,some,

        very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who,whom.

1. 、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能

               省略，如指代前面整個(gè)一句話，一般用which.

        (4)、先行詞有2個(gè)，既包含人，又包含物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that

        同步強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

        （   ）1、Look out! Don’t get too close to the house       roof is under repair.

        A  whose     B  which    C  of which   D  that

        （   ）2、Where is the farm         your brother is working?

        A  that      B  when      C  on which    D  in which

        （   ）3、We live in an age       more information is available with greater ease  

        than ever before.（2012浙江高考）

        A  why     B  when    C  to whom    D  on which

        （   ）4、Do you know the student      won the speech contest?

        A  /        B  which    C  who       D  whom

        （   ）5、I want to buy the same coat      you are wearing.

        A  which    B  that    C  one    D  and

        （   ）6、She got the schoolarship,        made her happy.

        A  who     B  what     C  that    D  which

        （   ）7、        do morning exercise have a strong body.

        A  All       B  All that     C  All which   D  All what

        （   ）8、I work in a company        everybody has high salary.

        A  how      B  which      C  where     D  that

        Answers:ACBCB  DBC

1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

        （   ）1、It was a pity that he missed the meeting      in London last month.

        A  to be told    B  held     C  having told    D  to hold  (2014)

        （   ）2、Every Friday evening George will sit quietly in the chair,         his

        favorite TV show.

        A  to watch    B  watch    C  watched    D  watching   (2014)

        （   ）3、with all his homework         ,the boy was allowed to watch TV.

        A  finished  B  to finish   C  will finish  D  having finished  (2013)

        （   ）4、The film star walked to his car,       by a crowd of fans.

        A  to follow   B  follow   C  followed    D  to be followed (2012)

        （   ）5、       a small business, Jane is able to support her family now.

        A  Run     B  Ran      C  Running   D  To run         (2012)

        Answers:BDACC

        2012－2015成考分析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)的題目，它包含：不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞三種形式，在句子成分中除謂語(yǔ)不在能充當(dāng)，其它成份均可以，故稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。成考考試中出題不會(huì)很難，這里列舉幾個(gè)較為常見的現(xiàn)象：

        不定式：

        1）動(dòng)詞不定式一般式(to do)表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后；表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，用不定式的完成式(to have done)。

        2）不定式表示一次性的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)名詞表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作）。

        3）有些動(dòng)詞只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常用的這類動(dòng)詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。

        4）remember, forget, regret+v-ing 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；

        Eg:I remember seeing you.我記得看見過你。

        remember, forget, regret+to do 表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生

        Eg:I remember to do my homework.我記得要做作業(yè)了

        5）在try, stop, mean, go on, can't help后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同，要注意：

        Try doing sth 試著做某事；try to do sth盡力做某事

        Stop doing sth 停止做某事； stop to do sth停下來再做某事

        Mean doing sth 意味著； mean to do sth 打算做某事

        Go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做（和原來事相同），go on to do sth繼續(xù)做另一件事

        Can’t help doing 忍不住，情不自禁； can’t help to do sth 不能幫助做某事

        6）不定式作定語(yǔ)一般用主動(dòng)式，只有當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，才用被動(dòng)式

        同步強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

        （  ）1、______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock

        for midnight so I could refill it.  

        A. Staying      B. Stayed        C. To stay          D. Stay

        （  ）2、The challenge we are faced with is ______ the work before the fixed time.

        A. to finish   B. to be finished  C. to have finished    D. finished

        （  ）3、Volunteering gives you a chance ______ lives，including your own.    

        A. change    B. Changing    C. changed     D. to change

        （  ）4、Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky.

        A. finding     B. to find     C. being found    D. to have found

        （  ）5、Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting — I've got too much work   ______.

        A. to do to come         B. doing coming   C. to do coming          D. doing to come

        Answers:CADBA

        V-ing和V-ed形式：

             V-ing 形式與V-ed形式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，在句法功能上主要起形容詞或副詞作用，在句中可作除謂語(yǔ)之外的所有成份。其中最難的一種是作狀語(yǔ)的用法，相當(dāng)于副詞用法，用句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，V-ing 形式與V-ed形式可以表時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、方式、讓步等。

        例句：

1. Walking in the street, he met an old friend.
2. Having a lot of things to do, I can’t go swimming with you.
3. Turning right and covering another two blocks, you will get to your destination.
4. He came here, running and singing.
5. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
6. Seen from the top of the hill ,the city looked like a big garden.
7. Deeply moved by the story ,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
8. Given another chance ,he will do better.
9. Laughed at by many people ,he continued his study.

       V-ing 形式與V-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(三原則)

        1)：邏輯主語(yǔ)一致原則。V-ing 形式與V-ed形式首先遵循邏輯主語(yǔ)一致的規(guī)律，　即主、從句共主語(yǔ)

        2)、且看構(gòu)成主主謂還是動(dòng)賓的原則。

        如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用V-ing 形式；

        如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用V-ed形式

        3)、且看有沒有時(shí)間先后的原則

        四種情況：

        1、沒有時(shí)間先后，如果構(gòu)成的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系：則使用V-ing的一般式

        2、有時(shí)間先后，如果構(gòu)成的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系：則使用having done的形式。

        3、沒有時(shí)間先后，如果構(gòu)成的是被動(dòng)關(guān)系：則使用V-ed形式的一般式

        4、有時(shí)間先后，如果構(gòu)成的是被動(dòng)關(guān)系：則使用having been done的形式。

        注意：V-ing 形式與V-ed形式的否定式是在分詞前面加not.

        同步強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

        1、he sat there,         what to do.(not know)

        2、        by him, we worked even harder.(inspire)

        （  ）3、            many times, he finally understood it .

        A  Told    B  Telling     C  Having told   D  Having been told

        （  ）4、     at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

        A  Looking      B  Look    C  To look    D  Looked

        （  ）5、Dina,          for months to find a job as a waitress , finally took a   

        position at a local advertising agency.

        A  Struggling   B struggled    C having struggled     D  to struggle

        （  ）6、      the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.

        A Approaching  B Approached    C To approach   D To be approached

        （  ）7、Tom left ,          a lot of  trouble to the project.

        A   caused     B having left    C to cause     D  to have caused

        （  ）8、       at the observation window, I can enjoy a bird-eye view of the city.

        A  Seated   B  Seating   C  To seat   D  Seat

        注：seated是被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義，等同于sitting

        Answers:not knowing,inspired,3-8DACABA

1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與不定代詞

       （  ）1、There is nobody here in the office--they       have all gone home.

        A  must    B  can     C  would      D  should       (2015)

        （  ）2、My parents and I couldn’t get into the house last night because        of   

        us had the key.

        A  either    B  all    C  none     D  neither          (2015)

        （  ）3、The ship      at 8:30,but it is almost 9:30 now.

        A  could have arrived       B  must have arrived

        C  should have arrived      D  would have arrived         (2014)

        （  ）4、Do you want to change this lamp for        or do you want your money    back?

        A  other    B  other    C  the others    D  another    (2014)

        （  ）5、--Mom,do I have to go to bed now?  ---Yes,you        .

        A  can      B  will      C  may        D  must       (2013)

        （  ）6、He knows      about the city,for he has never been there.

        A  everything    B  something   C  anything   D  nothing  (2013)

        Answers:ACCDDD

        2013－2015成考分析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和不定代詞是一項(xiàng)必考題目，這里列舉幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞較為常見的用法：

        1、must意為“必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，表示“義務(wù)，命令，必要”； must還有“非得，偏偏”之意。在回答must引出的問句時(shí)，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用needn't或don't have to，表示“沒有必要”(若用mustn't，則表示“禁止”之意)。

        2、may表示“許可”，相當(dāng)于“可以”；用于句型“May I …？”時(shí)，表示征詢對(duì)方許可；對(duì)該問句的肯定回答用can，否定回答用mustn't。而might表示征詢對(duì)方許可比may客氣，表示可能性比may小。

        3、can / could表示“能力”或“客觀可能性”，還可以表示“請(qǐng)求”和“允許”；用在否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，還可表示“驚異、懷疑、不相信”的態(tài)度；在一般疑問句第一人稱中，表示“征詢對(duì)方許可”(用could比用can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉，但答語(yǔ)必須用can)；在一般疑問句第二人稱中，can和could往往用來表示說話人的請(qǐng)求或征詢意見。

        4、will用于疑問句中，表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或建議；表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”、“慣于”的意思；還可用來表示做某事的意志、意愿、決心或打算。would表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，有“總是、常常”的意思。shall表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教嶙h；表示法律賦予的權(quán)力和義務(wù)；還可表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

        5、should意為“應(yīng)該，理當(dāng)”，表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任；意為“竟然，萬(wàn)一”，表示驚訝。need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用于否定句或疑問句中，表示“需要”或“必要”。

        dare 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中，表示“膽敢”或“敢于”。

        6、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, might, can, could等除有各自的詞義外，還可表示對(duì)事情的推測(cè)。它們的推測(cè)程度由強(qiáng)到弱的順序是： must, can, could, may, might。

        7、考得常見的有：must have done表示對(duì)過去完成之事的肯定推測(cè)。否定形式是can’t/couldn’t have done

        Should have done 應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事而未做，否定形式加not

        Can/could have done能夠做某事而未做

        不定代詞

        1．every和each均可充當(dāng)形容詞， 接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞， 意為“每個(gè)”， 但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體， 可以充當(dāng)代詞， 而且可用于兩個(gè)的“每個(gè)”；后者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體， 用于兩個(gè)以上的“每個(gè)”， 不可以充當(dāng)代詞。Each / Every…not和Not every / each…均表示部分否定， 意為“并非每個(gè)都”。

        2．either既可以充當(dāng)代詞又可以充當(dāng)形容詞， 意為“兩個(gè)中的任意一個(gè)”， 用法為“either＋單數(shù)名詞”或“either ＋of the＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。注意其兩種含義： 選擇性用法和兼容性用法。如： You may sit on either end of the bench.句意為“你可以坐這條凳的任意一頭”，此為其選擇性用法。又如： Either side of the road is lined up with trees. 句意為“路的兩邊都有樹”， 指的是“兩邊都有樹”， 不能理解為“這邊有， 那邊就不能有”， 此為其兼容性用法。

        3．both意為“兩個(gè)都”， 接并列主語(yǔ)， 用于“both A and B”結(jié)構(gòu)， 或接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或用于“both of the ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。Both…not…＝Not both…為部分否定， 意為“并非兩個(gè)都……”。其完全否定為Neither of the…意為“ 兩個(gè)都不”。

        4．a(chǎn)ll意為“三個(gè)(含)以上都”， 接并列主語(yǔ)， 接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或用于“all of the ＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。All…not…＝Not all…為部分否定， 意為“并非全都……”。其完全否定為None of the…意為“所有的……都不”。

        5．other 其他的，其余的；往往修飾名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用。

        one…the other…一個(gè)……，另一個(gè)……(范圍是兩者)。

        others＝other＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，泛指，表示“其他人”或“其他物”；some…others…一些……，另一些……。

        the other＝the other＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，特指，表示某一范圍內(nèi)“剩余的人或物”。

        another表示眾多當(dāng)中的“另一個(gè)”；也可以作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。

        同步強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：

        （  ）1、— I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

        — It ______ true because there was little snow there.

        A. may not be        B. won't be   C. couldn't be        D. mustn't be

        （  ）2、I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.

        A. everything           B. anything   C. something          D. nothing

        （  ）3、— Is John coming by train?

        — He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car.

        A. must           B. can     C. need           D. may

        （  ）4、The radio isn't good enough; I want to change ______.

        A. another              B. a good one   C. it with another     D. it for another

        （  ）5、I ______ you, but I didn't think you would listen to me.

        A. could have told     B. must have told   C. should tell      D. might tell

        （  ）6、— What are you doing this Saturday?

        — I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert.         

        A. must      B. Would     C. should      D. Might

        （  ）7、When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.       

        A. should    B. could         C. must         D. need

        （  ）8、One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at

        school.

        A. might     B. could     C. shall         D. will

        （  ）9、You ______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

        A. must                B. mustn't       C. dare          D. needn't

        （  ）10、Do you like ______ when someone speaks to you without looking at you?

        A. that             B. him        C. it           D. those

       Answers:CADDA DBCDC

1. 名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句

        （  ）1、Please tell him       my train will arrive and ask him to pick me up.

        A  what    B  when    C  whether     D  how       (2014)

        （  ）2、Follow me and I ‘ll show you       the library is.

        A  what     B  when    C  where    D  which   (2012)

        （  ）3、        I admire most about Lee is his love of nature.

        A  what      B  how     C  That     D  Where    (2012)

        Answers :BCA

        2013－2015成考分析：2012和2014考了名詞性從句，狀語(yǔ)從句4年均未考，故名詞性從句這里講常用法：

        它具有名詞的功能，分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

        1．從屬連詞： that(無(wú)任何詞意)；whether, if(均表示“是否”，表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)；as if, as though(均表示“好像”、“似乎”)。以上連詞在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分。

        2．連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever, whomever

        3．連接副詞： when, where, how, why

        4.不可省略的連接詞：

        ①介詞后的連接詞不可省略；

        ②引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略；

        ③reason作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)從句連接句用that，不用because。

        5. whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：

        ①whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并位于句首；

        ②引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；

        ③whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)；

        ④從句后有“or not”；

        ⑤后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

        6．大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。

        A. It ＋ be ＋形容詞＋ that­從句

        It is necessary / important / obvious / that…

        B. It ＋ be ＋Verb­ed 形式＋ that­從句

        It is believed / known to all that…

        C. It ＋ be ＋名詞(短語(yǔ))＋ that­從句

        It is common knowledge / a surprise / a fact that…

        D. It ＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋ that­分句

        It appears / happens / occurred to me that…

1. 下列這些詞后面常接同位語(yǔ)從句：advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。
2.  

       同步強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：

        （  ）1、Police have found ______ appears to be the lost ancient statue.         

        A. which          B. where       C. how             D. what

        （  ）2、______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.          

        A. That           B. Which     C. Whether        D. What

        （  ）3、______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.      

        A. Whoever          B. Whatever   C. Whichever        D. Wherever

        （  ）4、People just wonder ______ that makes the housing price so high.

        A. what it is           B. what is it    C. why it does          D. why does it

        （  ）5、The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

        A. how                B. that    C. which              D. whether

        Answers: DDCAB

1. 倒裝句型

       1、2012－2015成考分析：2013-2015未考，僅2012年出了一道題：

        （  ）1、Tim went to work on the farm last week, and         .

        A  his sister did so        B  so his sister di    C  did his sister so     D  so did his sister

        解析：so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/Be+主語(yǔ)：不同的人做的是相同的事意思是“也一樣”，如上題，Tim和他的妹妹都去農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作，不同的人做的卻是同件事，故選D.

        so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/Be:同一個(gè)人做同一件事,意思是“的確如此”：如Mike likes music,so he does

        他們的否定形式是將so改成neither或者nor,如：

        He doesn’t like music, neither/nor do I .他不喜歡音樂，我也不喜歡。

        He doesn’t like music, neither/nor he does.他不喜歡音樂，的確如此。

1. 含否定意義的詞(如： never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, not a single …， no longer, nowhere, by no means, at no time, neither, nor等)置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。

         Eg: Never has he seen the beautiful scene.

        3. only加狀語(yǔ)(即： only＋副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句等)放在句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。

        Eg:(    )Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ______ properly in this hospital.

        A. can be the patients treated           B. can the patients be treated

        C. the patients can be treated           D. treated can be the patients

        答案選B

        4. 當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略if, 將were, should, had置于句首。

        Eg: If I were free tomorrow, I would go fishing.=Were I free tomorrow, I would go fishing

1. 形容詞用法

       （  ）1、Spring is by far         time to visit the island.

        A  the better     B  better     C  the best    D  best     （2015）

        （  ）2、Dogs have a very       sense of smell.

        A  chear     B  nice    C  high      D  good             （2015）

        上述第1題是考最高級(jí)，因?yàn)橛写骸⑾?、秋、冬四季，三者以上用最高?jí)，春天是參見這個(gè)島最好的季節(jié)，最高級(jí)前回定冠詞the,故答案選C;

        第2題考的是形容詞意，狗有一個(gè)很好的嗅覺，只有D項(xiàng)才能表達(dá)這個(gè)意思，其它與意思不符。

         2012－2015成考分析：僅2015年考了2個(gè)關(guān)于形容詞題型，形容詞的各種用法見由武漢大學(xué)出版社出版的《全國(guó)各類成人高考招生考試規(guī)劃教材》P29-34。這里從幾年成考中總結(jié)幾個(gè)常見的形容詞考試題型及規(guī)律：

1. 大多數(shù)單音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是在詞尾加-er和

          -est,clean→cleaner→cleanest

1. 以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)和雙音節(jié)形容詞在詞尾加-r和-st,nice→nicer→nicest
2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是把y改成i,再加-er和

          -est,lucky→luckier→luckiest

1. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的單音節(jié)和雙音節(jié)形容詞比較

          級(jí)和最高級(jí)是雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er和-est，如fat→fatter→fattest

1. 三個(gè)音節(jié)或以上的形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)借助于more和most,一般最高級(jí)前要加定冠詞the ,比較級(jí)常與比較連詞than搭配，而最高級(jí)常與of,in,among連用，如：

          I am taller than you.

        He is the tallest of all.

1. “the +比較級(jí)， the +比較級(jí)”表示“越…，越…”。也是?？碱}型
2. the +比較級(jí)+of為一固定形式，如強(qiáng)化題第1題，
3. as…as 同…一樣，中間接形容詞或副詞原級(jí)，not as/so…as不及…

       I am as tall as you.-我和你一樣高 ；I am not as tall as you,-我不及你高＝y(tǒng)ou are taller than I

1. 不規(guī)則形容詞?？糶ood/well→better→best; →many/much→more→most

       Bad/ill→worse→worst;litter→less→least; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest

        同步強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：

        （  ）1、This one is         of the two.

        A  the best     B   better    C  the better    D  much better

        （  ）2、Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason and

        then making the mistake becomes        .

        A  favourable    B  precious    C  essential    D  worthwhile

        （  ）3、The concert has already begun. You should have come a little bit      .

        A  early   B  much earlier   C  more earlier   D  earlier

        （  ）4、I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen        .

        A  better    B  worse    C  the best     D  the worst

        （  ）5、In this lecture, I can only give you a purely       view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.

        A  private   B  personal    C  unique    D  different

        Answers: CDDBB

1. 語(yǔ)法題中有固定搭配題和日常用語(yǔ)題，較為簡(jiǎn)單，需要實(shí)記，這里就不多講了。

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