2010年10月湖南自考專升本學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試模擬試題（8）

Passage Three

Children in deyeloping countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five if their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea years ago, but until recently no one has been able to show that a woman's ability to read itself improves her children's chances of survival.

Most literate mothers learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.

In 1979, the new Nicaraguan government established a number of popular reforms, in- cluding the National Literacy Crusade c運(yùn)動(dòng)). By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.

Researchers interviewed nearly 3,000 women. Some of them had learned to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learned at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well nourished【撫養(yǎng)） they were.

The inve:stigators' findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point, those mothers who later learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, the infant mortality rate was signifi- cantly lower, at 80 per thousand. In 1985, after the literacy crusade had ended, the figures for those who remained illiterate and those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, impressive 21 points lower than those of women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly literate mothers were also better than those of women who could not read.

26. What is the immediate result of the National Literacy Crusade?__C____

A. Experts in public health have fully recognized the importance of literacy for na- tional progress.

B. The sharp decrease of infant mortality among those women who are newly lit- erate.

C. The elimination of illiteracy among a large number of illiterate grown-ups throughout Nicaragua.

D. The traditional notion was confirmed that mothers' literacy has an immediate effect on children's welfare.

27. According to this passage, children's health and survival is closely related to A

A. the level of their mothers' literacy B. the wealth of their mothers' families

C. the government's social reforms D. the socioeconomic status of their families

28. What is the article mainly talking about?__B__

A. The national literacy crusade in Nicaragua.

B. Relations between women's literacy and children's growth.

C. Scientific investigation into literacy in developing countries.

D. Statistics on infant mortality. '

29. Which of the following is NOT true about the infant mortality rate?__B___

A. It's about the same after the crusade for the newly educated and those educated in primary school.

B. It's about the same after the crusade for the educated and those still illiterate.

C. It's significantly lower for women educated in grade school.

D. It's about the same.in the late 1970's for the illiterate and the later educated. 30. The title that best expresses the main idea is D

A. Women's Abilities Influence Their Children B. The Impact of the Literacy Crusade C. Tne Fate oi Chila'ien in Developing Countries

D. Literate Women Make Better Mothers

Passage Four

The need for surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most peo- ple still have an irrational fear of hospital and anesthetics<廂I藥）. Patients do not often be- lieve that they really need surgery-cutting into part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.

In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery.

A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not dreamed of thirty years ago. The heart can be safely opened for a patient to live a comforta- ble and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.

The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the 20th century. Its safety has in- creased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions. The hospital stay after operation has short- ened to as little as one week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.

Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include th e re- placement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastics, and the develop- ment of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations and so on. A1l these open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.

One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few years ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able

to accept into his body the organs of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing thenl. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft (移植) tissues from one person to another which will survive periods of a year or more. Kidnoys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals though rejection Droblems in humans have yet to be solved.

31. We can learn all the following from the passage EXCEPT that B

A. open heart surgery has been possible only in the last half of the 20th century

B. a good number of modern advances in surgery are difficult to trust

C. a patient can still enjoy life even after the transplant of kidney

D. compared with 1910, now five times fewer patients die after an operation

32. The best title far this passage would be B

A. Organ Transplants-a Technical Wonder B. The Qualifications of Modern Surgeon

C. Surgical Operation-a Medical Necessity D. The Development of Surgery

33. According to the passage, most patients. are frightened of being operated Compared with their predecessors, modern surgeons C

A. are more qualified for their posts

B. are more capable of performing almost every type of operation

C. are obliged to be more specialized D. are not so trusted by the patients 34.on A

A. in spite of the improvements made in the area of surgery

B. because they don't want to keep their families worried about them

C. unless they are too ill to survive

D. even though they know their diseases cannot be cured with drugs

35. Only in very recent years, D has been made possible.

A. the use of X-rays and special drugs B. the use of simulated organs on identical twins C. the satisfactory solution to rejection problems

D. organ transplanting from one person to another