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非謂語動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)名詞)
(二)動(dòng)名詞(doing)
1.動(dòng)名詞的語法功能
1)作主語
Swimming is never as fast as running.
注意:動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞短語)作主語時(shí),有時(shí)句中使用形式主語it,如:
It is no use talking about it.
談?wù)摯耸虏o用處。不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以做主語,在意義上區(qū)別不大。
例如:
It is impossible to get there before dark.
It is impossible getting there before dark.
但在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,只能用動(dòng)名詞做主語,不能用不定式:
It is no good doing…
It is no use doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
It is a waste of time doing…
例如:
It is no good objecting反對(duì)沒有用。
It is no use crying哭沒有用。
It's worthwhile reading the book.讀這本書很值。
2)作賓語(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語)
Would you mind waiting for a moment?
有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,如下所示:
acknowledge承認(rèn)admit 承認(rèn)appreciate 感激
avoid避免delay延遲deny否認(rèn)
escape逃避keep保持mind 介意
permit 允許 postpone延遲 resist抵抗
risk冒險(xiǎn) prevent阻止quit放棄停止
recommend 推薦 suggest建議
注意:
有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別
①forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)
②remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
③regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾
regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔
④try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法
⑤mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味著
⑥go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)
⑦propose to do 打算(要做某事)
propose doing建議(做某事)
⑧stop to do 停下來去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
⑨be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于…
used to do過去曾經(jīng)…
2.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語
一般情況下,動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語;如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí),則需要有自己的邏輯主語。用作動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語的詞類有:物主代詞和名詞所有格。試比較:
Tom insisted on going with them.(He went with them)
湯姆堅(jiān)持要和他們一起去。(他去了)
Tom insisted on my going with them.(I went with them)
湯姆堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。
His taking part in the work will help us a lot.
他參加這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)我們有很大幫助。(物主代詞)
但是,如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語相同,則不應(yīng)再有主語:
She regrets_____idle when young.
A.To have been B.her beingC.her having beenD.having been答案:D
注:動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),??梢杂萌朔Q代詞賓格或名詞的普通格,如:
He doesn't like my father and me interfering in her affairs.
她不愿意我父親和我干涉她的事情。(名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格)
3.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
1)完成式:
如果表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前,要用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí),形式為: having done.例如:
He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.
His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us.
2)被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),該動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)式。形式為:being done.例如:
He did it without being asked.
We insisted on being given the task.
考試重點(diǎn):成人英語三級(jí)考試網(wǎng)
動(dòng)名詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用
1.have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time + (in)+doing
例如:
We had difficulty (in)carrying out the plan.
這一結(jié)構(gòu)變化一下后,形成"There is +difficulty/trouble + pleasure+(in)doing".
例如:
Will there be any difficulty (in)getting a driving license?
There was some trouble (in)reading her handwriting.
2.feel like + 名詞/動(dòng)名詞 "想要" (=would like to +原形動(dòng)詞)
例如:
I feel like a newborn baby.
Do you feel like going to a movie?
3.spend/waste time doing sth.
例如:
They spent a lot time (in)making preparations.
4.cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)
例如:
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.
注意:這一句型要和can not help but do(不得不)以及can not but do(不得不)區(qū)分開來。
5.something need/want/deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義;+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示"要(修、清理等)"意思。
例如:
Your bike needs repairing.(= Your bike needs to be repaired)
6.be busy doing sth.忙于干某事
例如:I am busy doing my homework.
7.be worth doing sth.值得…
例如:The plan is worth considering.
8.What about/how about doing …怎么樣?
例如:
What about having a game of table tennis?
How about going on a picnic?
動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)
翻譯下列句子:
強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是沒有好處的。(考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型)
明天去看電影怎么樣?(考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型)
那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)值得參觀。(考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型)
沒有必要查閱每個(gè)生詞。(考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型)
請(qǐng)醫(yī)生沒用,已經(jīng)太晚了。(考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型)
參考答案:
It's no good forcing children to learn.
How about seeing a movie tomorrow?
The little town is worth visiting.
There is no need/point in looking up every new word.
It is no use sending for the doctor, for it is too late.
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