湖南學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考點(diǎn)歸納（30）

       以下湖南學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考點(diǎn)歸納（30）由湖南自考網(wǎng)收集、提供。自考學(xué)位考試對考生來說是很重要的環(huán)節(jié)，希望學(xué)位英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料能夠幫助同學(xué)們更好地復(fù)習(xí)，在考試時取得更好地成績!

        湖南學(xué)士學(xué)位培訓(xùn)班

        時態(tài)

        一、時態(tài)和語態(tài)

        (一)時態(tài)

        英語中一共有16種時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、過去將來時，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時、完成時和完成進(jìn)行時。但從92年以來的考題統(tǒng)計來看，時態(tài)考題中，考查將來完成時最多，時態(tài)考查的次序依次為：將來完成時—— 過去完成時 —— 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 —— 現(xiàn)在完成時。

        先看以下各題：

        1.We're late.I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.(1992.6)

        A.had already started

        B.will already have started

        C.have already started

        D.have already been started

        2.When the mixture it will give off a powerful force.(1992.6)

        A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated

        3.English in a new way at my college in the past few years.(1992.6)

        A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.had been taught

        4.Smith is to study medicine as soon as he military service.(1993.6)

        A.will finishB.has finishedC.finishD.would finish

        5.All the machines by the end of following week.(1993.6)

        A.were repairedB.will be repaired

        C.have been repairedD.will have been repaired

        6.He the army for ten years and is now an officer.(1995.6)

        A.has gone intoB.has joined inC.has been inD.has come into

        7.About the sixth century A.D when few Europeans could read, the Chinese paper.(1997.6)

        A.inventedB.had inventedC.have inventedD.had been invented

        8.I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.(1998.6)

        A.was knockingB.am knockingC.knockingD.have been knocking

        9.When I went to visit Mrs.Smith last week, I was told she two days before.(2003.11)

        A.has leftB.was leavingC.would leaveD.had left

        10.Since he left the university, he __________ in an accounting company.

        A.has been workingB.had workedC.had been workingD.was working

        「答案」BCDBD CBDDA

        「評析」

        1.以上試題對時態(tài)的考查可以分為兩部分內(nèi)容，一部分是與條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中的時態(tài)有關(guān)，如2)和4);另一部分是與完成時態(tài)有關(guān)，其余各題便是如此。

        2.一般在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成，用一般過去時表示過去將來。如2)和4)。

        2)When the mixture it will give off a powerful force.(1992.6)

        A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated答案：C

        4)Smith is to study medicine as soon as he military service.(1993.6)

        A.will finishB.has finishedC.finishD.would finish答案：B

        再如：

        If you happen to come across Jack, please tell him to comeand see me when he will be free.(2000.6 )

        答案：D.will be 應(yīng)改為is.

        He promised to send me an email as soon as he got there.

        No one is to leave the room until he has done the task.

        3.現(xiàn)在完成時有兩種用法，一種表示過去發(fā)生，但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作或狀態(tài)，常和in the past years, this year, so far, up to now, yet等表示非確定性過去的時間狀語連用，如3)。

        3)English in a new way at my college in the past few years.(1992.6)

        A.has been teachingB.was being taught

        C.has been taughtD.had been taught答案：C

        再如：

        I have been to Beijing many times.

        They have already published the results of the experiments.

        同時，注意上句中副詞already的位置。

        現(xiàn)在完成時的另外一種用法是：表示從過去某個時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，如6)：

        6)He the army for ten years and is now an officer.(1995.6)

        A.has gone intoB.has joined inC.has been inD.has come into

        答案：C

        同時，還要注意這道試題反映出來的另外一個問題：在完成時態(tài)中，終止性動詞不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，而表示狀態(tài)或動作持續(xù)的謂語動詞必須與表示一段時間的狀語連用。

        4.過去完成時表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)"，如7)

        7)About the sixth century A.D when few Europeans could read, the Chinese paper.(1997.6)

        A.inventedB.had inventedC.have inventedD.had been invented答案：B

        5.將來完成時態(tài)表示到將來某個時間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作。如1)和5)。

        1)We're late.I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.(1992.6)

        A.had already started 成人英語三級考試網(wǎng)B.will already have started.

        C.have already startedD.have already been started答案：B

        5)All the machines by the end of following week.(1993.6)

        A.were repairedB.will be repaired

        C.have been repairedD.will have been repaired答案：D

        再如：

        It's reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory ____ about 10%.

        A.will have risenB.has risenC.will be risingD.has been rising答案：A

        6.與現(xiàn)在完成時不同，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時則表示某個動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且仍在進(jìn)行，如8)和10)。

        8)I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.(1998.6)

        A.was knockingB.am knockingC.knocking D.have been knocking

        答案：D

        10)Since he left the university, he _____ in an accounting company.

        A.has been workingB.had workedC.had been workingD.was working

        答案：A

        再如：

        We have been working on this project for over a month now.

        「考試策略」

        1)根據(jù)時間狀語選擇時態(tài)，特別是完成時的時間狀語一般表示"到……為止"，以"by"短語居多。如果句中的時間狀語是由by引出的短語或從句，謂語動詞一般用完成時態(tài)，如：

        By the time we got there, the fire had already been put out.

        We'll have completed the task by the time you come back.

        2)如果沒有時間狀語，那就根據(jù)試題中出現(xiàn)的動作發(fā)生的順序做出判斷。如：

        He found the book that he had lost.

        AB

        3)注意特殊句型中的時態(tài)，如：

        ①hardly/scarcely …when… 和no sooner… than…

        Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.我剛放下話筒，電話又響了。

        No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.他們一得到消息，他們就去酒吧喝酒了。

        ②祈使句表示一種條件，第二個分句中一般要用will表示在這種條件下可能發(fā)生的事情。如：

        Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.

        A.are often seeingB.often see

        C.will often seeD.have often seen答案：C

        但是，本題中often的使用可能會造成一定的迷惑。這就要求考生對各種時態(tài)的表達(dá)方式，以及其作用了解清楚。will可以表示習(xí)慣。

        湖南學(xué)士學(xué)位復(fù)習(xí)資料

        以上“湖南學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考點(diǎn)歸納（30）”由湖南自考網(wǎng)指導(dǎo)老師收集整理。