2015年學(xué)位英語考試真題及答案解析（1）

真題部分

第1卷(選擇題，共70分)

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自已的姓名和準考證號用黑色簽字筆填寫在試卷和答題卡指定位置。

2.每小題選出答案后，用28鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。答在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束時，考生將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

Part I Vocabulary and Structure(20 points)

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D.Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. ()means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

A. Creativity

B. Duality

C. Arbitrariness

D. Displacement

2. ()distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole.

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Gilman

D. Brown

3. ()is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.

A. Psycholinguistics

B. Sociolinguistics

C.Anthropological linguistics

D.Computational linguistics

4.The words such as "smog" and "brunch" are called ().

A. abbreviation

B. acronym

C. back-formation

D. blending

5.For example, the word" bead" originally means "prayer", but later it refers to "the prayer bead", and finally "small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood" .It is called ().

A.meaning shift

B.broadening

C.narrowing

D.borrowing

6. ()there is fresh air, there is oxygen.

A. Wherever

B.Whenever

C. Unless

D.Whether

7.The factory operated ()until the order was filled.

A.at times

B.to the minute

C.day by day

D.around the clock

8.After working for the firm for ten years, he finally ()the rank of deputy director.

A. achieved

B. approached

C. attained

D. acquired

9.If we ()our test tomorrow, I would have gone to the concert.

A.weren't to have

B.hadn't been to have

C.aren't to have

D.hadn't had

10.Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?

A.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.

B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.

C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.

D.It's sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.

答案解析

Part I

1.B【解析】Duality(二重性)指語言擁有兩層結(jié)構(gòu)的這種特性，底層結(jié)構(gòu)是上層結(jié)構(gòu)的組成成分.且每層都有自身的組合規(guī)則。A為創(chuàng)造性，C為任意性，D為移位性。

2.B【解析】Saussure(索緒爾)將說話者的語言能力和語言的實際現(xiàn)象或語料區(qū)分為語言和言語。chomsky主要研究生成語言學(xué)，而Gilman和Brown都是社會語言學(xué)家。

3.B【解析】Sociolinguistics(社會語言學(xué))包括語言的社會功能和語言使用者的社會特征，它研究語言變體的特征、它們的功能特征、講話者的特征以及這三者如何在言語團體中持續(xù)地相互作用和變化。A為心理語言學(xué)，C為人類語言學(xué)，D為計算機語言學(xué)。

4.D【解析】smog是由smoke的前半部分和fog的后半部分混合在一起構(gòu)成的，brunch是由breakfast和lunch混合在一起構(gòu)成的，這種構(gòu)詞法叫blending(混拼詞)。abbreviation指縮寫詞，acronym指首字母縮寫詞，back—formation指逆構(gòu)詞.都不符合題意。

5.A【解析】bead從最初的含義“祈禱”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?ldquo;念珠”，到后來的“水珠、鋼珠”，詞義已不同于最初的含義，屬于meaning shift(詞義轉(zhuǎn)移)。而B指詞義擴大，C指詞義縮小，D指借詞，都不符合題意。

6.A【解析】本題考查復(fù)合句中的地點狀語從句。本句的意思是：凡是有空氣的地方，就有氧氣。這里wherever表示無論哪里的意思，其他選項都不符合邏輯。

7.D【解析】本句的意思是：工廠晝夜不停地工作，直到把訂的貨物趕出來為止。at times“有時”;to the minute“恰好，一分不差”：day by day“一天天”;around the clock“晝夜不停地”。

8.C【解析】本句的意思是：在這個公司工作了十年之后，他終于獲得了部門主管的職位。achieve“成就”;approach“接近”;attain“(通常指經(jīng)過努力)獲得，達到”;acquire“學(xué)到，取到”。故選C。

9.A【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。本句的意思是：如果我們明天沒有考試的話，我們就去參加音樂會了。此處If引導(dǎo)的從句中是對將來的事實相反.固定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)框架是if加上were to do形式，因此只有A項為正確答案。

10.D【解析】此題考查的是主語從句，A項是一個表語從句，是一個主系表的結(jié)構(gòu);B項是一個同位語從句，that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句補充說明先行詞的內(nèi)容;C項是一個賓語從句，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作謂語動詞said的賓語;只有D項是一個主語從句.it是一個形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句部分。

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