自考本科：00015英語(yǔ)（二）試卷及答案（2）

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PART  ONE  (50 POINTS)

Ⅰ．Vocabulary and Structure(10 points，1 point each)

       從下列各句四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并在答題卷上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。

1．The police can            the witness against danger．               （A）

       A．ensure        B．relieve       C．promise       D．distract

    2．I don’t think that            0f the two answers is correct．       （C）

       A．botlh         B．a(chǎn)ll           C．either        D．none

3．Literary critics should be as          as possible in analysis and judgment．（B）

       A．imperative    B．objective     C．competitive   D．productive

    4．She           him to give her another chance，but he refused．        （C）

       A．hoped         B．insisted      C．begged        D．suggested

    5．His           in the stock market has made him a rich man．           （D）

       A．interference  B．interaction   C．investigation D．investment

    6．Taking care of your body is a powerful first step          mental and

       emotional health．                                                    （A）

       A．toward        B．from          C．with          D．into

 7．        ，l would go fishing，but the weather is bad today．          （B）

       A．Obviously     B．Normally      C．Particularly  D．Presently

    8．We should be aware of the dangers of          children to violence on TV．（C）

       A．a(chǎn)ssigning     B．a(chǎn)ttaching     C．exposing      D．disclosing

    9．He blamed his poor judgment of the situation          jet lag．       （D）

       A．in            B．of            C．by            D．on

10．Even if we can reduce our birth           to 1％,it still means l3 million new babies every year．    （B）

       A．pace          B．rate          C．speed         D．number

Ⅱ．Cloze Test(10 points，1 point each)

下面的短文中有十個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題卷上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。

A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are

 available．The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives．The  11  for making a decision is that a problem exists，goals or objectives are wrong，or something is  12  in the way of accomplishing them．

    Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does  13  decisions．Indeed，some suggest that the management process is decision  making．  14  managers cannot predict the future．many of their decisions require that they  l5  possible future events．Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to 1eave as little as possible to  16  ，but since uncertainty is always there，risk accompanies decisions．Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are  17 ；at other times they are serious．

    People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon．  18    from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes，and decisions have intended and unintended consequences．An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far   19   the future．Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of   20   decisions．

11．A．a(chǎn)im            B．effort          C．example          D．reason     （D）

 12．A．preceding      B．turning         C．spoiling         D．standing    （D）

  13．A．changes        B．a(chǎn)chieves        C．involves         D．makes      （C）

  14．A．Since          B．Although        C．Unless           D．Until      （B）

  15．A．must consider  B．will consider   C．considered       D．consider   （D）

  16．A．chance         B．future          C．reality          D．a(chǎn)ction     （A）

  17．A．obvious        B．desirable       C．slight           D．natural    （C）

  18．A．Still          B．Then            C．But              D．Hence      （C）

  19．A．over           B．into            C．beyond           D．a(chǎn)bove      （B）

  20．A．current        B．common          C．conservative     D．casual     （A）

Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30 points，2 points each)

       從下列每篇短文的問(wèn)題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并在答題卷上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage．

    My top priorities are school，sports and my family．Track and tennis are the  sports I enjoy most．During the track season，I have practice Monday through  Friday, mostly at 7:30 a．m．Tennis is a yearlong sport for me，and I never get a break．I don’t mind this，and look forward to practices，which are three hours，three times a week．The only thing I dislike about running and tennis is when they conflict．It pains me whenever I have to choose between them．

    I also take school extremely seriously．I am a straight-A student and am looking to keep this up．Unlike many parents，mine do not get angry if I get a  grade lower than an A．They simply advise me to go talk to my teachers to find  out if there is any work I could do to bring the grade up．I appreciate this because  it seems as though I get enough criticism from myself

    One of my greatest struggles is trying to find time to spend with my family  and friends．I hate that something has to be sacrificed．For me，that thing is my  friends．At times my friends get angry with me，which annoys me because I really  want to hang out with them but can’t because of my time constraints．I wish they  knew that I miss them．I also long for the nights when I used to relax with my  family．Now I come home from meets and practices to eat and finish homework． Many times I am exhausted．

    It may sound as though there must be someone making me live in this  manner．Well，there is：me．I choose to spend my time this way, even though it  may mean less time for friends，family and relaxing．Call me crazy, but the reason  for my overscheduled lifestyle is the love I have for all my chosen activities．Just  like with my schooling，I have long-term goals for the sports with which I am  involved．Those goals drive me to keep up the hard work．I enjoy what I do，not  planning to stop anytime soon．

  21．The writer feels painful when he has to           ．                  （C）

     A．balance schoolwork and sports        B．handle conflicts with his friends

     C．choose between track and tennis       D．practice sports all the year round

  22．A straight-A student probably means           ．                      （C）

     A．a(chǎn) hardworking student                B．a(chǎn) highly gifted student

     C．a(chǎn)n all-excellent student             D．a(chǎn) straight forward student

  23．The writer thanks his parents for           ．                        （A）

     A．their easy way of treating him

     B．their well．intentioned criticisms

     C．their exchanges with his teachers

     D．their direct assistance in his studies

  24．It is indicated that the writer almost has no time at night           ．（B）

     A．to finish his homework               B．to relax with his family

     C．to complete his practices            D．to go out with his friends

  25．In the passage the writer mainly talks about          ．                （B）

     A．his love for the family              B．his fully-scheduled life

     C. his craziness for spots              D．his great goals in study

Passage Two

 Questions 26 t0 30 are based on the following passage．

      Smart phones do many things these days：make and receive calls．send e-mails，take photos and videos．But one thing they Can do that phone companies  don't advertise is keep a secret watch on you．As long as you don’t leave home without your phone，that handy．gadget keeps a record of everywhere you go—a  record the government can then get from your telephone company．

When you carry a cell phone，it is constantly sending signals about where  You are. It signals the nearby cell-phone towers about every seven seconds so it  can be ready to make and receive calls．When it does，the phone is also telling the  company that owns the towers where you are at that moment—data the companv  then stores away．There is also a second kind of locational data that phone  companies have，thanks to a unit in most smart phones now for locating positions．  [his IS even more accurate—unlike the towers，which can only tell a general area  where you may be，this unit can often reveal exactly where you are at any given  moment within a matter of meters．

    The American government’s position is that it should be able to get most of this data if it decides it is relevant to an investigation，with no need for a search  permit. If the government needs a permit，it would have to show a judge evidence  that there was probable cause to believe that the cell-phone user committed a  crime. Without this requirement，the government can get locational data prettv  much anytime it wants．

    The law is unclear about how easy it should be for the government to get its hands on this locational data．A federal court pronounced last week that in some cases the government may need a search permit．That’s a step forward，but it's not good enough．Some hearings on this issue are being held．It is time for Congress to act．It should make clear that information from cell phones is deeply private，and that without a search permit，the government cannot have it．

26．The word“gadget”(para．1)probably refers to           ．             （C）

      A．a(chǎn) computer                         B．a(chǎn) camera

      C．a(chǎn) cell phone                       D．a(chǎn) recorder

  27．A cell-phone owner can be precisely located because his phone            ．（D）

      A．records his whereabouts

      B．sends signals at intervals

      C．makes and receives calls

      D．has a unit for positioning

  28．The American government holds that          ．                         （B）

      A．it should obtain the data with a search permit

      B．it should have free access to the locational data

      C．it has no need for a permit on urgent occasions

      D．it has full right to investigate cell—phone owners

29．The issue conceming the use of locational data should be solved by         ．（A）

      A．Congress                           B．the public

      C．federal coups                      D．phone companies

 30．The use of locational data should be regulated to protect the owner’s         ．

（D）

      A．safety                             B．freedom

      C．reputation                         D．privacy

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage．

    There seems never to have been a civilization without toys，but when and how they developed is unknown．They probably came about just to give children something to do．

    In the ancient world，as is today，most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others．In societies where social roles are rigidly determined，boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers．This is true because boys and girls are being prepared，even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．

    What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same．The changes have been mostly in terms of skill，process，and technology．It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world andt11eir persistence to the present that iS marvelous．In some African nations，the Americas，China，and Japan，generally the same kinds of toys appeared．Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings．Nearly every civilization had dolls(玩偶)，little weapons，toy soldiers，tiny animals and vehicles．

    Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form，they have not been subject to leaps in technology that characterize inventions for adult use．The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of upward  movement．The progress from a rattle(撥浪鼓)used by a baby in 3 000 BC to one used by an infant today，however is not characterized by invention．Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．

31．According to paragraph l，it remains unknown          ．               （B）

     A．why toys were invented             B．when toys began to exist

     C．when toys became popular           D．what toys could do for kids

  32．The passage indicates that toys can help children to           ．      （C）

     A．develop their sense of duty        B．imitate their parents’trades

     C．prepare for their future roles     D．understand their surroundings

  33．The history of toys indicates that toys are not            ．         （B）

     A．regarded as an art form            B．a(chǎn)ffected by time and space

     C．subject to cultural differences    D．1iable to the progress of skills

  34．Toys worldwide share the characteristic of           ．              （D）

     A．introducing new skills             B．shaping new lifestyles

     C．encouraging inventions             D．reflecting local customs

 35．The development of the rattle reflects           .                   （A）

     A．changing artistic tastes           B．1eaps in material invention

     C．the value of artistic creation     D．a(chǎn) straight upward movement

PART TWO(50 POINTS)

IV．Word Spelling(10 points，1 point for two words)

    將下列漢語(yǔ)單詞譯成英語(yǔ)。每個(gè)單詞的詞類(lèi)、首字母及字母數(shù)目均已給出。請(qǐng)將完整的單詞寫(xiě)在答題卷上。

36．最大量    n.  maximum                37．可惜    n.  Pity

  38．貼標(biāo)簽    v. label                    39．收入    n.  income

 40．饑餓      n.  hunger                  41．順利的   a.  smooth

  42．真實(shí)地   ad.  truly                   43．金屬     n.  metal

  44．幸存      v.  survive                 45．討論     v.  discuss

  46．混亂      n.  confusion               47．音樂(lè)會(huì)   n． concert

 48．買(mǎi)得起    v． afford                  49．海灘     n． beach

  50．商業(yè)的    a.  commercial              51．相等的   a． equal

  52．熱帶的    a． tropical                53．僅僅    ad． merely

  54．?dāng)D壓      v.  squeeze                 55．九月     n． September

V．Word Form(1 0 points，1 point each)

    將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟瞻?。答案?xiě)在答題卷上。

56．You need to have  patience  (patient)．The economy will improve soon．

57．The infant’s self-esteem is totally  dependent  (depend) on family members．

58．The insurance agent tried to  frighten  (fright) her into buying the most    expensive house insurance．

59．My hair is much more  manageable  (manage) since I have had it cut short．

60．Necessary  provision   (provide) has been made against flood．

61．The event went  surprisingly   (surprise) well，considering the bad weather．

62．The parts are made in this factory and then shipped to another country for

 assembly  (assemble)．

63．Marriage is a serious  commitment   (commit)，one that isn’t taken lightly for  most people．

64．Don’t worry about  formality   (formal)at my parents’house。It’s always easy

      and free there．

65．The main forms of non-verbal (verbal) communication include gestures，eye contact，external appearance and clothing etc．

V1·Translation from Chinese into English(15 points，3 points each)

    將下列各句譯成英語(yǔ)并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卷上。

66．我認(rèn)為那部電影不值得看兩遍。

I don’t think that movie is worth seeing twice．

67．在東北住的時(shí)候你學(xué)過(guò)滑冰嗎?

Did you ever learn to skate when living in the northeast?

68．那些幫助他人的人值得我們稱贊。

Those who help others deserve our praise．

69．我們說(shuō)服了他放棄乘飛機(jī)而坐火車(chē)走。

We convinced him to go by train rather than(by)plane。

70．通過(guò)節(jié)食和運(yùn)動(dòng)，他把體重減到了l50磅。

He reduced his weight to 150 pounds by eating less and exercising．

【評(píng)分參考】

    (1)主要語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(如動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致、否定、疑問(wèn)以及其他句型錯(cuò)誤)或影響基本句意的重要用詞錯(cuò)誤扣1分。

    (2)非基本語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(如介詞、代詞、冠詞、大寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等錯(cuò)誤)以及不影響基本句意的用詞錯(cuò)誤每?jī)商幙?分。

    (3)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤每?jī)商幙踠分。拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤本大題總扣分不超過(guò)3分。

    (4)如所用句型與答案不一致，只要語(yǔ)言和意義正確，均應(yīng)給分。

VIl．Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)

71．將下面的短文譯成漢語(yǔ)并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卷上。

In order to solve the pollution problems that began from the mid。20th century a number of environmental protection organizations have formed．However, the most important pollution fighter is perhaps each individual person．If everyone makes the effort，pollution can be greatly reduced．

    In a way，some pollution can be controlled in daily life．For example．solid wastes are a major cause of land pollution，but many wastes，such as empty cans，glass bottles, old car tires and newspapers，can be recycled．Some places pay people to bring in used goods for recycling．Moreover, one major factor in air pollution  is  that many people  use cars needlessly． So public transportation．blcycles， and walking are all good choices to prevent pollution．

    為解決始于二十世紀(jì)中期的污染問(wèn)題，一些環(huán)保組織應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。但是，最重要的環(huán)保志士或許還是每個(gè)人。如果人人都做出努力，污染就會(huì)大幅減少。

    一定程度上，某些污染在日常生活中就能得以控制。例如，固體廢棄物是導(dǎo)致土壤污染的一個(gè)主要原因，但許多廢棄物，如空罐頭盒、玻璃瓶、舊輪胎和舊報(bào)紙，都可以循環(huán)利用。有些地方收購(gòu)人們手中的舊物并加以利用。此外，造成空氣污染的一個(gè)主要因素在于很多人用車(chē)無(wú)度。因此，乘坐公共交通、騎自行車(chē)和步行都是防止污染的正確選擇。

【評(píng)分參考】

    短文英譯漢的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按譯文質(zhì)量分為l5—13分、l2—10分、9—7分、6—4分和3—1分五個(gè)檔次。各檔次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：

    (1)15—13分。全文翻譯正確或基本正確，漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)通順。

    (2)12—10分。全文主要內(nèi)容翻譯正確或基本正確，漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)通順，但有少數(shù)語(yǔ)句翻譯錯(cuò)誤。

    (3)9—7分。全文不少于一半的內(nèi)容基本正確，漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)尚通順，有一些語(yǔ)句翻譯錯(cuò)誤。

    (4)6—4分。少部分內(nèi)容翻譯基本正確，有較多的語(yǔ)句翻譯錯(cuò)誤。

    (5)3—1分。僅譯對(duì)個(gè)別句子。

    (6)全文譯錯(cuò)或譯出零星單詞或全文未譯，不給分。

    (7)缺譯的語(yǔ)句按完全譯錯(cuò)處理。

    根據(jù)以上評(píng)分檔次描述，評(píng)分可在相應(yīng)的檔次內(nèi)上下浮動(dòng)。

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