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3.Words and associative meaning
3.1 Words and connotative meaning
book:C:contain knowledge and wisdom for people,youth must learn
E:it express ideas for people to consider,to agree or disagree,and to comment
Sexy:C:connotes loose sex morality
E:it is a positive human quality
Old,young:C:young means inexperienced,and inconsistent.Old means mature,skilled and experienced.
E:young means flexible,vigorous,and creative.Old means traditional,senile,and useless.
Dog:C:is very pejorative.
E:it can even be considered as a family member.
Peasant:C:doesn’t have derogatory connotations.
E:it has derogatory
Landlord,capitalist,boss:C:are pejorative in Chinese
E:not
Comrade:C:connotes warmth,friendliness and equality
E:means spies of the Soviet Union
Ambitious,aggressive:C:it is pejorative
E:it is considered good qualities and both positive in meaning.
Self-made man:C:
E:it is positive term.Connoting lack of financial foundation and influential connections.
Individualism:C:it is means selfishness
E:it is positive term
Propaganda:C:it is a neutral term.
E:it is a pejorative term in English
Do-gooder:C:it is means unselfish and helpful
E:it is a pejorative term in English
Spiritual:C:it hasn’t this means in Chinese.
E:it has religious connotation.
3.2 Words and social meaning
British English:spoken in the U.K,Australia,New Zealand,West Indian Isles
American English:spoken in the North America.
BrE
AmE
Chinese
Brooch
Breastpin
胸針
Mackintosh
Raincoat
雨衣
Sweet
Candy
糖果
Flat
Apartment
公寓
Pail
Bucket
水桶
Cellar
Basement
地下室
Tap
Faucet
水龍頭
Timetable
Schedule
時間表
Booking office
Ticket office
售票處
Autumn
Fall
秋天
torch
flashlight
手電筒
BrE
AmE
Chinese
Scone
biscuit
軟餅
Biscuit
Cracker
餅干
Cracker
Firecracker
爆竹
Corn
Grain
谷物
Maize
Corn
玉米
Jumper
Sweater
毛線衣
Blouse
Jumper
短套衫
Vest
Undershirt
汗衫
Waistcoat
Vest
背心
Purse
Change purse
錢包
Handbag
Purse
手提包
Truck
Flatcar
鐵路平板車
Lorry
Truck
卡車
Shop
Store
商店
store
Warehouse
貨棧
From English
From French
Meaning in Chinese
Answer
reply
回答
Rest
Repose
休息
Room
Chamber
房間
Bear
Endure
忍受
Woods
Forest
樹林
Gift
Present
禮物
Love
Affection
愛情
House
Mansion
房子
King
Sovereign
國王
Wish
Desire
愿望
make
Create
創(chuàng)造
There are also many triples of synonyms in Englsih.
From English
From French
From Latin
Meaning in Chinese
Weak
feeble
Fragile
軟弱
Size
Caliber
Magnitude
大小
Empty
Devoid
Vacuous
空的
End
Finish
Complete
結束
Rise
Mount
Ascend
上升
Ask
Question
Interrogate
問
Belly
Stomach
Abdomen
胃、腹
Fire
Flame
Conflagration
火
Time
Age
Epoch
時代
Die
Pass
Decease
死
count
Calculate
compute
算
English has been closely related to Latin as well.They borrowed dozens of words from Latin words entered English.Of course,sets of synonyms in English are not limited to the pairs and triples discussed above.
3.3 Words and affective meaning
sexy,young,dog,ambitious,aggressive,self-made man,individualism,equalitarianism or egalitarianism are positive in English,but pejorative in Chinese
Landlord,capitalist,boss,free love are pejorative in Chinese,but neutral in English
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