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Chapter 4. Cultural Differences in Everybody Conversations
1. Vocatives and culture
Names(English people have given names, surnames, full names, with or without a title, and nicknames or pet names.)
Religious names |
Chinese versions |
Meaning chinewe |
Christian |
克里斯蒂安 |
基督信徒 |
Christopher |
克里斯多弗 |
基督的仆人,基督的使者 |
Eliot |
埃利奧特 |
上帝的禮物 |
Elisha |
埃力沙 |
上帝是救世主 |
Godwin |
戈德溫 |
上帝的朋友 |
John |
約翰 |
上帝是仁慈的 |
Jonathan |
喬納森 |
上帝所賜 |
Joseph |
約瑟夫 |
上帝賜我一個(gè)兒子 |
Lemuel |
萊繆爾 |
屬于上帝 |
Timothy |
蒂莫西 |
上帝尊榮 |
Angela |
安琪拉 |
天使 |
Astride |
阿絲特莉德 |
上帝的力量 |
Dorothy |
多蘿西 |
上帝的禮物 |
Elizabeth |
伊麗莎白 |
上帝的祭品 |
Name related to the plant and flowers
Plant or flower names |
Chinese versions |
Meaning in Chinese |
Camellia |
卡梅麗婭 |
山茶花 |
Daisy |
戴西 |
雛菊 |
Daphne |
達(dá)芙妮 |
月桂 |
Evelyn |
伊芙琳 |
榛子 |
Flora |
弗洛拉 |
花朵 |
Heather |
希維爾 |
石南花 |
Iris |
艾麗絲 |
蝴蝶花 |
Ivy |
艾維 |
常青藤 |
Laura |
勞拉 |
月桂 |
Lily |
莉莉 |
百合 |
Muriel |
穆麗爾 |
沒(méi)藥花 |
Rhoda |
羅達(dá) |
玫瑰 |
Susanna |
蘇珊娜 |
百合 |
Viola |
維黛拉 |
紫羅蘭 |
Name related to the weapons
Weapon names |
Chinese versions |
Meaning in Chinese |
Barry |
馬里 |
矛 |
Edgar |
埃德加 |
華美的矛 |
Gerald |
杰拉爾德 |
矛之王 |
Oscar |
奧斯卡 |
天賜之予 |
Gertrude |
格特魯?shù)?/p> |
護(hù)矛女神 |
Giles |
賈爾斯 |
盾 |
Brenda |
布倫達(dá) |
劍 |
Names related to knowledge, authority, fame are also quite common in English
Names of knowledge, authority,fame |
Chinese Versions |
Meaning in Chinese |
Abraham |
阿伯拉罕 |
萬(wàn)民之父 |
Alexander |
亞力山大 |
人類的保護(hù)者 |
Arthur |
亞瑟 |
勇敢,力大 |
Benjamin |
本杰明 |
心愛(ài)的兒子 |
Edmund |
埃德蒙 |
富有的保護(hù)者 |
Guy |
蓋伊 |
領(lǐng)袖 |
Harold |
哈羅德 |
統(tǒng)帥 |
Henry |
亨利 |
家庭統(tǒng)治者 |
Herbert |
赫伯特 |
軍隊(duì)的光榮 |
But we can hardly find personal names in English that are related to historical events and date of the birth, English names more related to the Pikes, and Chinese names related to the “劍””盾”often. Personal names related to the place of birth and natural phenomena. are also popular in Chinese. And we seldom found the personal names in Chinese that are related to religion.
And English: (Mr[adult male], Mrs(for married women), Miss(for unmarried women), Ms(for women whose marital status is unknown or is not indicted))+surname
Chinese: in Chinese the terms that can be used as titles are numerous. For example”局長(zhǎng)” “處長(zhǎng)”etc.
In Chinese titles can be used in combination with the addressee’s given name, surname or full name. For example: “林同志” “德清同志” “林德清同志.”
standard appellatives
“mother” ”father” ”grandmother” etc can be used alone both in English and Chinese
“aunt” “uncle” are often used together with the addressee’s give name, but not in Chinese. For example, Uncle Tom, Aunt Mary
English speaking people can named their relative by using their name, but we can’t do like this in Chinese, even between brothers and sisters. For example: “大哥” “二哥” “二姐”
When addressing strangers, the Chinese people resort to “同志” “師傅” “先生” “小姐” “老爺爺” “伯父” “阿姨” “伯母” “大哥” “大嫂” “大兄弟” “大姐” “小朋友”
2. Greetings and farewells
2.1 Greetings
English : use these sentences “how do you do” “how are you” , “hello” or “hi” are frequently used greeting among colleagues, classmates, friends and family members. For Chinese learners of English it is important to note that many casual greetings in Chinese cannot be carried over into English used as greetings when they meet English speakers. “吃飯了嗎”, “上哪兒呀” “去哪了” etc.
2.2 Farewells
English people: when they meet first time: I’m pleased to meet you or it’s nice to meet/know you. It’s nice to have met you. And when they part, they usually say “good-bye, Bye-bye, so long” or “see you later/ tomorrow/on the next Monday.”
Chinese people: usually “再見(jiàn)” “再會(huì)” “一會(huì)兒見(jiàn)” “明天見(jiàn)” “下星期一見(jiàn)”. And when the visit is over and the guest is seen to the door or gateway by the host, and exchange of utterances like “請(qǐng)留步” “請(qǐng)走好”
3. Introduction
English: introduce a young person to an older one, a man to woman, an inferior to a superior, the guest to the host, and a individual to a group. We mention the woman’s name first unless the man is much older than the woman or very famous. When shake hands, the man should take off the gloves, but the women needn’t. women first extends her hand if they shake hands at all. And add a sentence to descriptive note to bring them closer to each other. Use “how do you do” or “nice to meet/know you”
4. Compliments and responses
English: the response to compliments are almost use “thank you” “I am glad to hear that” “I am glad you like it .”
Chinese: but in Chinese. Modest is a virtue. So although they glad to hear the compliments. But they tend to refuse the compliments.
5. Making telephone calls
English: when they make a call, we must tell the person who answer the call the name, company and what you will do. If the person answer is not available, you can leave a message to him. And when we receive the call, we must tell people the company’s name and ask if there is anything we can do to help.
Chinese: we just said”喂”, we don’t want to tell other our private information
Hello, this is Mary speaking. Who’s calling?
Good morning. James here
This is Toky Electronics. What can I do for ?
Stone Company. What can I do for you ?
Reception. Can I help you?
Who’s calling, please?
May I have your name, please?
Would you tell me your company’s name, please?
Just a moment, Sir
Yes, just a second.
Hold on a moment. I’ll see if he’s in
Hold the line. I’ll find out if he’s in his office.
If you do not mind waiting for a while, I’ll see if he is available.
I’m sorry he is out. May I take a message, so that he can call you?
I’m sorry he is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message?
Thank you for calling.
Thanks and replies
In both English and Chinese there are expressions of gratitude.
E: thank you, Many thanks, thank you very much, thank you all the same, I’m really appreciative of your time, it’s very kind of you to offer help, I’m grateful for what you have done for me, I can’t thank you enough etc. English people speaks more frequently than Chinese. Even used among the family members. The reply is often used “Not at all” “don’t mention it” “you’re welcome” “it’s my pleasure” “it’s ok”
C: “謝謝” “謝謝你” “非常感謝” “萬(wàn)分感謝” “真不知道該怎么感謝你才好” “多謝了”“謝謝你的好意。” 而中國(guó)常用的是“沒(méi)什么” “不用謝” “不客氣” “沒(méi)什么,這是我應(yīng)該做的” “這是我的職責(zé)。”
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